如何使用 solc 編譯器匹配 etherscan.io 字節碼？

嘗試在 etherscan.io 上經過驗證的合約與這些合約的區塊鏈上可用的字節碼之間進行一些簡單的完整性檢查。

我選擇了一個隨機合約來測試：

https://etherscan.io/address/0x261c9420c9a67b806afef8b7597f7f5171434c4d#code

顯示的原始碼是：

pragma solidity ^0.4.21;

library SafeMath {
 function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
   if (a == 0) {
     return 0;
   }
   uint256 c = a * b;
   assert(c / a == b);
   return c;
 }

 function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
   uint256 c = a / b;
   return c;
 }

 function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
   assert(b <= a);
   return a - b;
 }

 function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
   uint256 c = a + b;
   assert(c >= a);
   return c;
 }
}

contract ERC20Basic {
 function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256);
 function balanceOf(address who) public view returns (uint256);
 function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
 event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
}

contract BasicToken is ERC20Basic {
 using SafeMath for uint256;

 mapping(address => uint256) balances;

 uint256 totalSupply_;

 function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
   return totalSupply_;
 }

 function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
   require(_to != address(0));
   require(_value <= balances[msg.sender]);

   balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_value);
   balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
   emit Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
   return true;
 }

 function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance) {
   return balances[_owner];
 }

}

contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {
 function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256);
 function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
 function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
 event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

contract StandardToken is ERC20, BasicToken {

 mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) internal allowed;

 function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
   require(_to != address(0));
   require(_value <= balances[_from]);
   require(_value <= allowed[_from][msg.sender]);

   balances[_from] = balances[_from].sub(_value);
   balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
   allowed[_from][msg.sender] = allowed[_from][msg.sender].sub(_value);
   emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
   return true;
 }

 function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
   allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
   emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
   return true;
 }

 function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) public view returns (uint256) {
   return allowed[_owner][_spender];
 }

 function increaseApproval(address _spender, uint _addedValue) public returns (bool) {
   allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = allowed[msg.sender][_spender].add(_addedValue);
   emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
   return true;
 }

 function decreaseApproval(address _spender, uint _subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
   uint oldValue = allowed[msg.sender][_spender];
   if (_subtractedValue > oldValue) {
     allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = 0;
   } else {
     allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = oldValue.sub(_subtractedValue);
   }
   emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
   return true;
 }

}

contract WBC_TOKEN is StandardToken {
 string public name    = "WBC TOKEN";
 string public symbol  = "WBC";
 uint8 public decimals = 18;
 uint256 public constant INITIAL_SUPPLY = 200000000;
 event Burn(address indexed _from, uint256 _tokenDestroyed, uint256 _timestamp);

 function WBC_TOKEN() public {
   totalSupply_ = INITIAL_SUPPLY * (10 ** uint256(decimals));
   balances[msg.sender] = totalSupply_;
 }

 function burn(uint256 _burntAmount) public returns (bool success) {
   require(balances[msg.sender] >= _burntAmount && _burntAmount > 0);
   balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_burntAmount);
   totalSupply_ = totalSupply_.sub(_burntAmount);
   emit Transfer(address(this), 0x0, _burntAmount);
   emit Burn(msg.sender, _burntAmount, block.timestamp);
   return true;
 }
}

Etherscan 的編譯器詳細資訊如下：

編譯器文本：v0.4.21+commit.dfe3193c

啟用優化：否

執行（優化）：200

我將此源放入 .sol 文件中，然後執行以下命令：

C:\Temp\solc>solc --version
solc, the solidity compiler commandline interface
Version: 0.4.21+commit.dfe3193c.Windows.msvc

C:\Temp\solc>solc --bin wbc_token.sol --optimize-runs 200

此命令的輸出是：

======= wbc_token.sol:WBC_TOKEN =======
Binary:
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這與 etherscan.io 的預期輸出不匹配：

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另一個執行緒建議我從pragma solidity版本中刪除胡蘿蔔，但這並沒有解決不匹配問題。

我還缺少其他一些配置嗎？

除了元數據部分，這兩個二進製文件是相同的，它由最後 2 個字節（4 個十六進製字元）之前的 32 個字節（64 個十六進製字元）組成。

這可能與部署程式碼的編譯方式有關。

例如，使用 Truffle 編譯時，源文件的路徑會影響元數據。

一般來說，你沒有什麼可擔心的。

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更新：

從 solc 0.5.x 開始，最後 2 個字節已更改為 11 個字節（22 個十六進製字元）。

引用自：https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/63022