Evm
乙太坊 EVM 有哪些 OPCODES 可用？
乙太坊虛擬機有大量的操作程式碼和基礎級指令集。有完整的清單嗎？
所有的操作碼及其完整的描述都可以在乙太坊黃皮書中找到。不過，為了方便起見，我製作了一個方便的參考列表：
0s：停止和算術運算
0x00 STOP Halts execution 0x01 ADD Addition operation 0x02 MUL Multiplication operation 0x03 SUB Subtraction operation 0x04 DIV Integer division operation 0x05 SDIV Signed integer 0x06 MOD Modulo 0x07 SMOD Signed modulo 0x08 ADDMOD Modulo 0x09 MULMOD Modulo 0x0a EXP Exponential operation 0x0b SIGNEXTEND Extend length of two's complement signed integer10s：比較和按位邏輯運算
0x10 LT Lesser-than comparison 0x11 GT Greater-than comparison 0x12 SLT Signed less-than comparison 0x13 SGT Signed greater-than comparison 0x14 EQ Equality comparison 0x15 ISZERO Simple not operator 0x16 AND Bitwise AND operation 0x17 OR Bitwise OR operation 0x18 XOR Bitwise XOR operation 0x19 NOT Bitwise NOT operation 0x1a BYTE Retrieve single byte from word20 多歲：SHA3
0x20 SHA3 Compute Keccak-256 hash30年代：環境資訊
0x30 ADDRESS Get address of currently executing account 0x31 BALANCE Get balance of the given account 0x32 ORIGIN Get execution origination address 0x33 CALLER Get caller address. This is the address of the account that is directly responsible for this execution 0x34 CALLVALUE Get deposited value by the instruction/transaction responsible for this execution 0x35 CALLDATALOAD Get input data of current environment 0x36 CALLDATASIZE Get size of input data in current environment 0x37 CALLDATACOPY Copy input data in current environment to memory This pertains to the input data passed with the message call instruction or transaction 0x38 CODESIZE Get size of code running in current environment 0x39 CODECOPY Copy code running in current environment to memory 0x3a GASPRICE Get price of gas in current environment 0x3b EXTCODESIZE Get size of an account's code 0x3c EXTCODECOPY Copy an account's code to memory40年代：封鎖資訊
0x40 BLOCKHASH Get the hash of one of the 256 most recent complete blocks 0x41 COINBASE Get the block's beneficiary address 0x42 TIMESTAMP Get the block's timestamp 0x43 NUMBER Get the block's number 0x44 DIFFICULTY Get the block's difficulty 0x45 GASLIMIT Get the block's gas limit50 年代堆棧、記憶體、儲存和流操作
0x50 POP Remove item from stack 0x51 MLOAD Load word from memory 0x52 MSTORE Save word to memory 0x53 MSTORE8 Save byte to memory 0x54 SLOAD Load word from storage 0x55 SSTORE Save word to storage 0x56 JUMP Alter the program counter 0x57 JUMPI Conditionally alter the program counter 0x58 PC Get the value of the program counter prior to the increment 0x59 MSIZE Get the size of active memory in bytes 0x5a GAS Get the amount of available gas, including the corresponding reduction 0x5b JUMPDEST Mark a valid destination for jumps60 年代和 70 年代：推送操作
0x60 PUSH1 Place 1 byte item on stack 0x61 PUSH2 Place 2-byte item on stack … 0x7f PUSH32 Place 32-byte (full word) item on stack80 年代：複製操作
0x80 DUP1 Duplicate 1st stack item 0x81 DUP2 Duplicate 2nd stack item … 0x8f DUP16 Duplicate 16th stack item90 年代：交易所運營
0x90 SWAP1 Exchange 1st and 2nd stack items 0x91 SWAP2 Exchange 1st and 3rd stack items … … 0x9f SWAP16 Exchange 1st and 17th stack itemsa0s：記錄操作
0xa0 LOG0 Append log record with no topics 0xa1 LOG1 Append log record with one topic … … 0xa4 LOG4 Append log record with four topicsf0s：系統操作
0xf0 CREATE Create a new account with associated code 0xf1 CALL Message-call into an account 0xf2 CALLCODE Message-call into this account with alternative account's code 0xf3 RETURN Halt execution returning output data 0xf4 DELEGATECALL Message-call into this account with an alternative account's code, but persisting the current values for `sender` and `value` 0xf5 CREATE2 Create a child contract with a deterministic address停止執行，標記為刪除
0xff SELFDESTRUCT Halt execution and register account for later deletion