Testnets
奇偶校驗 Ropsten 測試網分叉以阻止 296151？
我在 296151 區塊（UTC 時間 1 月 6 日晚上 11:14）看到了 Ropsten 測試網中的分叉。這是預期的嗎？
我的本地 Parity 節點 (Parity/v1.4.7-beta-f2058bd-20161227/x86_64-macos/rustc1.13.0) 顯示塊雜湊 0x779e9f9…：
> web3.eth.getBlock(296151) { author: '0x18e79a47d8a58bef5aaecbba85ea1420649c64a8', difficulty: { [String: '219610162'] s: 1, e: 8, c: [ 219610162 ] }, extraData: '0xd5830104078650617269747986312e31342e30826d61', gasLimit: 4707788, gasUsed: 348478, hash: '0x779e9f9558143be43f3eeb58ad1aa7764a03cf7f1bda4d1c29c2e1244d5e606f', logsBloom: '...', miner: '0x18e79a47d8a58bef5aaecbba85ea1420649c64a8', mixHash: '0xbbb4c781b116ea5cc9cd7dd0a74f2464111cbfa3ed46bdd55cf31b774491f5ad', nonce: '0x0b4ee2bdab75890e', number: 296151, parentHash: '0x39df9773206e47b6555531ee0829dd91d1c91e4dad705688ddee9e6d6a94cd32', receiptsRoot: '0xf25f318553e87dff90cf96ace80ed47f624b44ead13400709cd19fc24f24cdb5', sealFields: [ '0xbbb4c781b116ea5cc9cd7dd0a74f2464111cbfa3ed46bdd55cf31b774491f5ad', '0x0b4ee2bdab75890e' ], sha3Uncles: '0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347', size: 2185, stateRoot: '0x934a68c88a3ca2fea112fb08ef2055c9f1ea8310926de3da98cdb51d69ebad3b', timestamp: 1483741759, totalDifficulty: { [String: '70295938324374'] s: 1, e: 13, c: [ 70295938324374 ] }, transactions: [ '0x2297defea0253c438c4c7a2d399f60fbdf3c647f9dbd2a558165612251030eb6', '0x4542e0daaceda8be6039ec135aad5c45cd2026e17884a6d10fec6a9338dc1d77', '0x699761a22a793862eacc5c6f80fee7f0bbef318f8eaf756f40a50edf85755a77', '0x7173c6479087a3365ebd412e6ef871b40f5ef1269e42fae265e3cf701aeffcb3', '0xc68d9b6d271ac294fbc1f86a703f3cbbfe57020ec4087256893565556de74a30', '0xd331437b8862ae97f04468f2fe4af54277299501c5deaeeaeaa5fe9184d4b07d', '0x3fb032b0c385eba35130e9d55acafaea6a075d91e7c496181435bad49d312ace', '0x7e3e3f41526d453165c2dd4c58e9aa5d6e83398d6ad08a316b6017b4f834c0ac', '0xbc3f4a530c26dd9c4cad7803347e33d7add544d56a6abcca538703bc1e4d2663', '0x676fb70068c62c9f652ceb5475f96f7ca8efe702b0eb97b0e2dfedd2c53b60f5', '0xb12084f5f78ad1e6e388aee22d01cc5015f743da30270c5da99000ca316e6c7b', '0x38250f96bf25d98b4f9d54d281f7489f42843a4fafba22acb79db741018e58f1', '0x66cc9fdc8645ab142ecb425cbb130f5c153e89c827a87f8f536c46ab60598351', '0x5c776d9fadc2f07d4742c5fe6daf41a2997596ec15fee17c60a4da1651daf167' ], transactionsRoot: '0x7717f5770efde5508bbe97f306e5897e58741a15777460c888e4b40b6c599d56', uncles: [] }但是https://testnet.etherscan.io/block/296151顯示了具有相同父級的不同塊：
Height: 296151 TimeStamp: 5 days 14 mins ago (Jan-06-2017 11:14:41 PM +UTC) Transactions: 0 transactions and 0 contract internal transactions in this block Hash: 0xb3fe6d6ba7bfa04a9e8c295033e603d617b7dd1c4244f0f70997de0492b7e4c7 Parent Hash: 0x39df9773206e47b6555531ee0829dd91d1c91e4dad705688ddee9e6d6a94cd32 Sha3Uncles: 0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347 Mined By: 0x817562f86cee143236962249453ae54e2b530140 IN 2784 secs Difficulty: 209,505,820 Total Difficulty: 70,295,928,220,032 Size: 526 bytes Gas Limit: 4,716,988 Gas Used: 0 Nonce: 0x4880dcc18186c893 Block Reward: 5 Ether Uncles Reward: 0 Extra Data: Get forked! (Hex:0x47657420666f726b656421)注意不同的塊雜湊和“獲取分叉！” extraData 中的消息。
Infura 顯示與 etherscan.io 相同的塊：
curl -s -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getBlockByNumber","params":["296151",false],"id":0}' https://testnet.infura.io/<apikeyXXX> "result" : { "transactionsRoot" : "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", "totalDifficulty" : "0x3fef0bd4a980", "size" : "0x20e", "parentHash" : "0x39df9773206e47b6555531ee0829dd91d1c91e4dad705688ddee9e6d6a94cd32", "mixHash" : "0x4196dda6dde22c62fbe95160b300935589f2eb5b19826cf01b559b0f7023125d", "extraData" : "0x47657420666f726b656421", "difficulty" : "0xc7cce1c", "hash" : "0xb3fe6d6ba7bfa04a9e8c295033e603d617b7dd1c4244f0f70997de0492b7e4c7", "number" : "0x484d7", "stateRoot" : "0x263abade588bbce1bc9dcc62f203d3b31c75474145942d88ba4bc2582862c884", "miner" : "0x817562f86cee143236962249453ae54e2b530140", "transactions" : [], "sha3Uncles" : "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347", "gasUsed" : "0x0", "gasLimit" : "0x47f9bc", "logsBloom" : "...", "timestamp" : "0x587024e1", "uncles" : [], "receiptsRoot" : "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", "nonce" : "0x4880dcc18186c893" },編輯 2016 年 1 月 12 日：
我的本地節點顯示最新的塊是：
> web3.eth.getBlock('latest') { author: '0x919eb73b9d4d306188b12874f3efdccb6cdcd1b8', difficulty: { [String: '11274423'] s: 1, e: 7, c: [ 11274423 ] }, extraData: '0xd783010502846765746887676f312e372e33856c696e7578', gasLimit: 4712388, gasUsed: 43104, hash: '0xc30c5b3874d718de2a4d902f8a971cee4c4b0c0072e6c084c74efd83762efb31', logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', miner: '0x919eb73b9d4d306188b12874f3efdccb6cdcd1b8', mixHash: '0x9b8167fc2e675f65294c09acd2ef7e48a8467814fb05217260c0df6735ce050b', nonce: '0x5c8934db7ca0c3da', number: 304548, parentHash: '0x890f0b9e8960872a0708c0b4a7310b77088ef6e1b31c8538132427bfeadc8e38', receiptsRoot: '0x60879c208751b2693f21cdb42430e39534e09dc69885d583579211338d0fba12', sealFields: [ '0x9b8167fc2e675f65294c09acd2ef7e48a8467814fb05217260c0df6735ce050b', '0x5c8934db7ca0c3da' ], sha3Uncles: '0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347', size: 861, stateRoot: '0x2bd997576e784437838f33b0d14474468af0f2ae7d48946b281aa843b83f35ae', timestamp: 1483922649, totalDifficulty: { [String: '70669121674025'] s: 1, e: 13, c: [ 70669121674025 ] }, transactions: [ '0x4fabc7fbd712666527522c985b618fea7be25c5507b066393f258632b65ad5e2', '0x22d0cd3abcaad4c221b8f92e74c359bb22ce7d78fb52bb28a356738a8c8db488' ], transactionsRoot: '0x5f3992b1d9e0cc84bee3b3b876fd87adce1de81b09b74800b107f569f40c4485', uncles: [] }它已經卡在這個街區很長一段時間了。時間戳轉換
2017-01-09T00:44:09.000Z為大約 3 天前。編輯 2016 年 1 月 12 日：
我將奇偶校驗更新為 master 的最新送出 (Parity/v1.6.0-unstable-887e5f7-20170112/x86_64-macos/rustc1.13.0) 並從頭開始重新同步。現在我得到了“主”鏈：
> web3.eth.getBlock(296151).hash '0xb3fe6d6ba7bfa04a9e8c295033e603d617b7dd1c4244f0f70997de0492b7e4c7'
因此，geth 監控節點似乎首先導入了與上面報告的相同的節點：
Jan 06 23:29:21 geth-testnet: I0106 22:29:21.064938 core/blockchain.go:1073] imported 1 blocks, 14 txs ( 0.348 Mg) in 19.168ms (18.180 Mg/s). #296151 [779e9f95…]一個雜湊
0x779e9f9558143be43f3eeb58ad1aa7764a03cf7f1bda4d1c29c2e1244d5e606f。然後，稍後：
Jan 07 03:01:22 geth-testnet: I0107 02:01:22.283970 core/blockchain.go:1073] imported 1 blocks, 0 txs ( 0.000 Mg) in 3.660ms ( 0.000 Mg/s). #297061 [3f857e90…] Jan 07 03:01:33 geth-testnet: I0107 02:01:33.483050 core/blockchain.go:1073] imported 192 blocks, 0 txs ( 0.000 Mg) in 395.052ms ( 0.000 Mg/s). #296342 [b3fe6d6b… / 0086e376…] Jan 07 03:01:35 geth-testnet: I0107 02:01:35.155511 core/blockchain.go:1073] imported 576 blocks, 0 txs ( 0.000 Mg) in 948.451ms ( 0.000 Mg/s). #296918 [cf88cd25… / e11de460…] Jan 07 03:01:36 geth-testnet: I0107 02:01:36.089260 core/blockchain.go:1073] imported 134 blocks, 0 txs ( 0.000 Mg) in 929.458ms ( 0.000 Mg/s). #297052 [a8cfdb90… / 07022b4a…] Jan 07 03:01:39 geth-testnet: I0107 02:01:39.327721 core/blockchain.go:1073] imported 1 blocks, 0 txs ( 0.000 Mg) in 3.956ms ( 0.000 Mg/s). #297053 [06757b24…]首先導入了 192 個塊，以 結尾
296342，因此似乎從 重組296150，這似乎是一致的。所以在 1 月 7 日 03:01，似乎執行了 51% 的攻擊，推出了 902 個區塊（給予或接受）。由於 Parity 預設啟用了 64 塊修剪，因此如果不從頭開始重新同步，它們將無法重新組織到“canon”鏈，從而將它們留在另一個鏈上。